Marty King Essay

Erik Erikson had numerous contributions to the field of psychology numerous of which involved his trainingal theory. Erikson has been comp ard to Sigmund Freud as both men believed that humans develop in details. Erikson however, believed Freud to be misguided, as Erikson believed that developmental process is one which occurs end-to-end ones lifespan whereas Freud believed that a humans personality developed by the age of five (Chen, 2007). Erikson published numerous books on human development as well as issues including the generation gap, changing sexual roles and racial tensions.This quantitative research constitution however, discusses Eriksons octette stages of development and how each stage correlates with symptoms of borderline personality disarray. Each of Eriksons eight developmental stages consists of certain elements (crises), which if non intractable will result in nix outcomes. The research worker believes that when crises be not resolved within Eriksons dev elopmental stages, it predisposes individuals to borderline personality disorder.In order to stand up this hypothesis, the tec will conduct quantitative research on the causes and symptoms of borderline personality disorder and the negative outcomes of Eriksons eight developmental stages the phenomenological research will then be compared. Borderline personality disorder has been widely studied over the past several decades however, there is limited research on what puerility (birth to age eighteen) attributes contribute to the onset of BPD. Approximately two portion (up to ten million) of adults in the U.S. are diagnosed with BPD report for twenty percent of psychiatric hospitalisations (NIMH, 2008) many cases of BPD go undiagnosed. Genetic factors have been primarily studied in the past as the biological cause of BPD however recent research shows that forty to seventy-one percent of BPD patients were sexually ab utilise as peasantren (NIMH, 2008), approximately seventy-three percent report physical abuse and delirious abuse and neglect are also commonly reported in BPD cases.These statistics indicate that there is causal agent to believe that barbarianhood trauma could significantly predispose a person to BPD. While research as to the possible causes of BPD has been conducted, the researcher proposes that a quantitative study be conducted in order to collect phenomenological in potpourriation from various studies, for comparison to Eriksons eight stages of development. The reason for this strategy is that by comparing the results of numerous studies, the researcher can produce the bigger picture, of what predisposes individuals to BPD thus increasing the probability of favored recovery.The researcher chose Eriksons eight developmental stages as model for comparison because the eight crises depicted in this model establish the traumas indicated in many BPD cases. When the eight crises are not resolved, the results correlate with BPD symptoms. The r esearcher aims to prove that individuals who do not resolve the eight negative crises of Eriksons developmental model thus suffering some form of childhood trauma, are predisposed to BPD as adults. As mentioned previously, the information proving this hypothesis can be used to modify treatment options for BDP patients.The researcher for this study would like to see a reduction in hospitalization as a treatment for BPD patients and kind of implement alternative methods, such as assisting patients through Eriksons eight stages. Assisting patients through the eight stages will allow them to re- run across emotional skills and abilities such as coping skills. The researchers professional background in BPD clinical work has allowed significant insight into the difficulties of BPD treatment.Due to the coarse amount of physical and emotional energy needed to work with BPD patients many professionals tend to provide averment of the history of failure and poor coping skills by treating t he patient with sympathy instead of empathy. The researcher believes that instinct the reasoning behind BPD patient behavior will improve the patients ability to improve poor coping skills. This change in professional behavior will reduce the feelings of being fire out and tired because the professional will be able to support the success of the patient instead of doing the work for them.Currently, there is an attitudinal barrier between the professional and the patient which results in a failure to check the condition of BPD. The researcher hopes to promote an understanding of BPD patient behavior behaviors which many clinical professionals find exasperating. In increasing understanding of the development of BPD behaviors, clinicians will be better equipped to work with patients in an comprehensive partnership rather than feeling they are exceeding appropriate boundaries. Literature ReviewEriksons Eights Stages of learning The Eight Stages of Development, the process of social ization, were developed by Erik Erikson in 1956 (Child Institute Center, n. d. ). Erikson had extensive experience in psychotherapy including children and teens of all social classes. Erikson believed that each stage presented a psychosocial crisis in which an individual must experience, learn and resolve in order to successfully manage the following(a) step. Eriksons eight stages are stand for in Figure 1.The eight stages are based on the interaction of three different systems the material system, the ego system, and the societal system (Keenan, p. 22, 2002). The somatic system refers to the biological processes of human functioning. The ego system are the central thinking and reasoning processes (2002) and the societal system is the process an individual goes through as he becomes integrated into his society. Erikson believed that the eight stages occurred in order and each stage represented a crisis which had to be resolved by the individual.Whether the crisis was completed su ccessfully or not would be the deciding factor on how successful the next stage would be. If the crisis was not mastered, then the individual would be ill prepared to deal with the next stage of development this trend would continue throughout all the stages. Erikson did believe that the eight stages were relevant throughout life and that he linked a crisis to each stage because that is when the crisis was most salient (Cohen, 2007). Oral-Sensory Stage.In this first-class honours degree stage (trust/mistrust), the first year of life is defined as the time for building trust this is everlasting(a) by the baby learning trust through the parent or caregivers actions and responses to the infants needs. Feeding is the focal point of Eriksons first stage when the child cries for food, the parent will feed and comfort the infant. If the child is neglected, he will learn to be mistrustful. Erikson also believed if trust was not established in the first stage, the child could become frustr ated, withdrawn, suspicious, and will lack self-confidence (Sharkey, 1997).Muscular-Anal Stage. The second stage (autonomy/doubt) consists of ages one through two years old. During this stage the child is face with the development of self-control which is concluded by a supportive atmosphere. If basic trust was not developed in stage one, the child will have difficulty in establishing self control in stage two, resulting in a lack of self-esteem (Sharkey, 1997). If the parent is too controlling, or does not provide enough structure the child can become doubtful of himself and the environment around him.