Gallienus

Honors World annals10/24/08Con make it knavePage 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Content PagePage 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IntroductionPage 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Birth/ demolition envision, Family,Early Life, Rise to soldiers building blockPage 3-5 . . . . . . . . . . ??Summary of his blessedness: major events, major accomplishments, ` major problemsPage 4-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . End of his reign and how it finishPage 5-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . military rating of his reignPublius Licinius Valerianus Egnatius G whole(prenominal)ienus, or G every last(predicate)ienus, was innate(p) in the year 218 A.D. His find, Publius Licinius Valerianus, or Valerian was a illustrious and colossal general in capital of Italy?s array etymon approximately 253 A.D. All archives presented by G all in allienus concerning Valerian is presented in an passing fragmentary manner, which denotes a real negatively prejudice attend by Gallienus toward his draw. Little is cognise about Valerian notwithstanding that he served as part of the Senate, was a capital general, and served as the emperor just nowterfly of Rome for a level. History as swell up tells that Valerian marital Mariniana and that a son, Gallienus, was innate(p) to them. Gallienus was very fond of Greek horticulture and similarly was wise in attempting to preserve as very much of papistical account as possible. Otherwise, Rome would not gather in been price the fight. During his reign, Gallienus trave direct to Attica in Greece and was initiated into the mystery cult of Eleusis. History at this m is marked by the inability of nearly(prenominal) papistical emperor moth to maintain a fortified chain on the romish Imperium. Gallienus was an exception to this rule referable to his great successes as Augustus, the lower-ran poove emperor next to his father Valerian. Gallienus was au thustic as Augustus at an early age. Augustus in Latin subject matter ?the increaser,? ?venerable,? or ?majestic.? Valerian decided that it was important for him to bundle power every minute with his son and placed Gallienus in charge of the entire westbound particle of the Roman imperium. This allowed for an extremely flexible rule all all over Rome. Gallienus? reign was angiotensin-converting enzyme of constant defense mechanism from trespass of unusual populates. Gallienus rarely had any time to himself as he was continuously argue remote regions of his empire or suppressing frequent rebellions all over his imperium. In the early historic period of his joint reign with his father, Gallienus focused on suppressing small invasions and the break of serve of riots in conquered areas. Whenever a in the altogether person came into power over the Roman Empire, hatful breakouts and rioting among the conquered mess followed. These rise had to be suppressed before anything else could be done. Gallienus dealt with defending the extremities of his portion of the empire from invasion of heavy-handed tribes and power hungry nations in the very beginning of his reign. Gallienus had befuddle down many of these rebellions by the year 260 A.D. and escortd security by do an alliance with the Marcomannic king whose daughter, Pipa, he took as a concubine even though he was married to Cornelia Salonia. In 257 A.D., Valerian rescued Antioch from Iranian comptroller, but precisely temporarily. In 259 A.D., laterward(prenominal) on renewed Iranian attacks, Valerian attempted to make intermission with the Persian queen Saphor. Saphor would not stand for this and captured Valerian through treachery. Valerian was then greatly humiliated by Saphor, who used him as a merciful mounting square block for the king?s horse. Valerian was later skin to make a more lasting dirty money of King Saphor?s cunning. This ended the life of Valerian. Through all of this, Gallienus does not seem to deal out that his father has died and seems not to bill sticker that his father never returned from Persia. Gallienus exclusively stepped in to the role of include emperor of the Roman Empire without a second thought. as well as virtually this time, Gallienus began to separate the well-behaved and military functions of Rome?s idyll governors by making them into lowly civil administrators. Gallienus? knob bearing of reinforcing his position as emperor is seen through the coins during this time. The coins from this period see evidence of a successful propaganda campaign in a time thousands of eld before television or newspapers. umpteen of the Roman mints in this time produced coins depicting soldiers and the nitty-gritty ?FIDES MILITVM? or ? subjection of soldiers? de go against constant rebellion of armies against Gallienus. Gallienus went to great measures to ensure that he was visualized as victorious, merciful, and pious. In addition, Gallienus introduced a new coin series to the general public depicting his enactment disguised as some(prenominal) of the Greek deities. Roman people who used these coins every daytime were constantly reminded of their Greek hereditary pattern and at that placefore remained loyal to the Emperor. During Gallienus? reign, there was constant fighting on the western frontier of the Roman Empire. By the year 260 A.D., Gallienus had at sea complete control of Gaul. In the traditional fashion, Claudius II Gothicus gained the loyalty of the soldiery and succeeded Gallienus to the Imperium. In the months leaders up to his bass dying in kinsfolk of 268 A.D., Gallienus was ironically orchestrating the greatest achievements of his reign. An invasion of Goths into the nation of Pannonia was leading to adventure and even threatening Rome, date at the same time, the Alamanni were a creating a ruckus in the Yankee part of Italy. Gallienus halted the bestride of the Alamanni by defeating them in battle in 268 A.D., and then he turned north and win several victories over the Huns. That fall, he attacked the Goths once again. In September, any he or Claudius, his leading general, led the Roman army to advantage at the strife of Naissus. At some time followers this battle, Gallienus authority was challenged by Aureolus, commanding officer of the range army in Milan, who back up Postumus. Gallienus moved to lay rag to Mediolanum, but during the siege he was murdered. He died in 268 A.D. there are divergent accounts of his murder.

jibe to the Historia capital of Maine, an unreliable bug compiled long by and by the events it describes, a conspiracy was led by the commander of the curb Aurelianus Heraclianus and Marcianus. Cecropius, commander of the Dalmatians, spread the al-Quran that Aureolus was leaving the city and Gallienus odd his tent without his soundboxguard, only to be struck down by Cecropius (Historia Augusta - Gallieni, xiv.4-11). One meter reading has Claudius selected as emperor by the conspirators, some other elect by Gallienus on his termination bed. The Historia Augusta was inte breatheed to support the descent of the Constantinian dynasty from Claudius, and this may let off its accounts, which do not admit Claudius in the murder. The other sources, (Zosimus and Zonaras), bill that the conspiracy was unionised by Heracles, Claudius, and Aurelian. As a utmost act of spite against Gallienus, the Roman Senate defied Gallienus a proper burial in one of the cipher Roman mausoleums. The Senate ordered Gallienus? body to be located to rest in a tomb nine miles south to the highest form of Rome on the Via Appia. Gallienus wife, Cornelia Salonina, bore Gallienus three sons: Valerianus, Saloninus, and Egnatius Marinianus. Valerianus died in 258 A.D. Salonius died after enough co-emperor. He was killed by his tutor, Posthmus. Egnatius Marinianus became a consul in 268 A.D. Claudius spared the lives of Gallienus family and fix his predecessor defied. Gallienus, in bear-sized part, has been passed over by historians. tumultuous disturbance of this is due to Gaul?s secession and the fact that Gallienus was toothless to reconquer it. Recently, Gallienus has begun to be seen in a more confident(p) light. He was the creator of some very useful reforms. His most prominent contribution to military history was the creation of a cavalry only unit of the army, which could be dispatched quickly without all of the usual red videotape involved in spark the army. This set an example followed by future emperors Diocletian and Constantine I. Gallienus also forbade Senators from seemly military commanders. This greatly undermined the Senate?s power as horse fancier commanders rose to prominence. These reforms not only helped Aurelian to salvage the empire, but also placed Gallienus in the confederacy of the Roman Dominate along with Septimius Severus, Dicletian, and Constantine I. Gallienus was one of the last rulers to be called ?First Citizen.? His self promotional material laid the cosmos for the emperors who would be addressed as ? maestro and God.?Works Cited1.Author Unknown. Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus. Roman-empire.net. Date published unknown. 25 Oct. 2008 . 2.Gallieni. Historia Augusta. Chapter xiv. Page 4-11. 3.Wiegel, Richard D. Gallienus. Roman-emperors.org. 3 Aug. 1998. Western Kentucky University. 25 Oct. 2008 . If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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